Euripides Hippolytus Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1793 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Literature Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Illustrate the importance of the themes of self-control, shame and desire in Euripides Hippolytus. How does Euripides connect these themes to the world of the Athenian audience? Euripides Hippolytus (1972) is a paradoxical play that, at its heart, deals with the outcomes of conflicting human emotion. As Charles Segal suggests in his study Euripides and the Poetics of Sorrow (1993) commensurate with a great many of the playwrights other works Alcestis, Hecuba etc., Hippolytus examines the divisions and conflicts of male and female experience (and) all three also experiment with the limits of the tragic form (Segel, 1993: 3). There are no clear cut moral demarcations in Hippolytus,the ethical sense and movement of the piece is symbolised by the figures of Aphrodite and Artemis who straddle the drama both symbolically and physically being as they are present in both the first and last scenes. As we shall see,the outcomes of the narrative veer more towards a psychological questioning of what it is to be human than any moral proselytizing and the characters show both weakness and strength in their dealing with the Gods and their quixotic natures. With this in mind, in this essay I would like to look at this concept in Hippolytus but more specifically how it relates to the notions of self control, shame and desire, all subjects that form an integral part of the dramas ultimate socio-ethical meaning. Firstly, I will look at the drama itself, attempting to illustrate and draw out instances of moral thinking within it, then I will move on to examine the ways in which these are blurred and made complicated by Euripides before going to suggest ways in which this might have been specifically tailored as both a critique and a lesson to the contemporary Athenian audience. Aristotle, in his Poetics(1965) calls Euripides our most tragic of poets (1965: 49) chiefly through the misfortune that befalls many of his leading characters at the conclusions of his dramas. However, Aristotle also criticises Euripides for the faulty management of other aspects of the plot, and the moral and ethical position of his characters must be one of these. Let us, for instance, consider the character of Hippolytus himself. On the surface, he seems to fulfil the rubric set by Aristotle that states a tragic hero must be better than average (Aristotle,1965: 52) in terms of morality and humanity; Hippolytus is a follower of Artemis, the Greek goddess of constancy and self control, as is stated by Aphrodite in the opening passages: that son of Theseus born of the Amazon, Hippolytus, who holy Pitteus taught, alone of the all the dwellers in this land of Rroezen, calls me the vilest of the deities. Love he scorns, and , as for marriage, will none of it. (Euripides, 1972: 225) It is this self control that is the main focus of the play, as Hippolytus is shown to be, as Aristotle states of better than average moral worth. However, there are subtle psychological suggestions that beneath the external veneer of moral constancy, Hippolytus is as weak and as human as his audience. We can witness, for example his misogynistic tirade after the Nurse reveals Phaedras actions: Great Zeus, why didst thou, to mans sorrow, put woman, evil and counterfeit, to dwell where shines the sun? If thou wert minded that the human race should multiply, it was not from women they should have drawn their stock (Euripides, 1972: 230) This scene could be interpreted, as indeed Barnes and Sutherland do in Hippolytus in Drama and Myth (1960:82)as the reaction of an overtly moral consciousness to the very object he sees as threatening it. However, this scene could also be indicative of what Melanie Klein called projection (Klein, 1991; 1997) in which the subject attributes traits and failings of their own self to another. With this in mind, it is easy to see that what one witnesses in Hippolytus misogyny is much deeper than a mere hatred of women and the projection of his own self hatred, brought about by the constant repression of his desire. This, at once, adds a psychological layer of complexity to Euripides characte rs and also distinguishes them from the, relatively, simplistic tenants of Aristotle. What then are the outcomes of Hippolytus moral conflicts? What are the tragic results? According to Aristotle, the tragedy is characterised by a change in fortune from prosperity to misery (Aristotle, 1965: 48) and we can see this is certainly the case with a number of the characters. Theseus makes this journey in what we could think of as a typically Attic manner. We can note his initial moral position as being one of conviction as he defends the honour of his wife against the perceived laxity of his son, as in this passage: Behold this man; he, my own son, hath outraged mine honour, his guilt most clearly proved by my dead wife (Euripides, 1972: 232) We can also see, however, that this is short lived, as we become witness to what Aristotle called the anagnores is,or the discovery; the goddess Artemis being the facilitator of this action. In the character of Phaedra, however, this si tuation is, to an extent, reversed. She begins the play as an innocent victim of Aphrodites wish to reap revenge on Hippolytus: Aphrodite: So Phaedra is to die, an honoured death tis true., but still to die; for I will not let her suffering outweigh the payment of such a forfeit by my foes as shall satisfy my honour. (Aristotle, 1972: 225) Of course, because of this it is Phaedres desire that is the motivating force behind the tragedy. She is, in many ways, the human manifestation of the drives of Aphrodite as Hippolytus is of Artemis. Like Hippolytus, also however, she is caught between the two poles of desire and self control by, firstly, not acting upon her sexual drives and,secondly, by committing suicide. It is only in her letter that, ultimately,damns Hippolytus, that she shows her true nature: I can no longer keep the cursed tale within the portal of my lips, cruel though its utterance be. Ah me! Hippolytus hath dared by brutal force to violate my honour, recki ng naught of Zeus, whose awful eye is all over. (Euripides, 1972: 232) Phaedres character here alters from one of innocent victim of the gods to one of false accuser. Interpreted in a contemporary light, however, could we not suggest that her actions are not the products of an innate maliciousness but of her own shame? Trapped between the desires instilled in her by Aphrodite and that which she knows is socially correct she not only chooses to take her own life but, in a psychological sense, refuses to acknowledge her sin. Again Euripides displays the concept of projection only this time it is Phaedres self loathing and shame that is projected onto Hippolytus. The enormity of this act, the sexual longing of an older woman for a younger man and the suggestion of an incestuous relationship is stressed by James Morwood in his essay on Euripides: The Athenian legal speeches attest to the domestic conflicts to which this could lead. But it could also cause sexual confusion, and the canonical Greek articulation of the illicit love of a married woman for a single man, the famous love of Phaedra for Hippolytus, is compounded by the quasi-incestuous connotations of the step parent-stepchild bond. (Morwood, 1997) In this, the play must have had a definite political subtext to it; Euripides serving as a guardian of public morality, suggesting that tragedy arises out of illicit love between near family members. There is, however, another deeper meaning to play, I think, and one that would be just as relevant to an Athenian audience as a warning against incest. What we see in the plays structure, in its very narrative form, are circles within circles. Each character, ultimately suffers and they suffer not only from their individual desires, shames and lack of self control but through each others. Phaedre suffers through her desire for Hippolytus and through the actions of the Nurse, Hippolytus suffers through the actions of his father and stepmothe r and Theseus suffers through the actions of his wife and son. Through structuring his narrative in such an interconnected way Euripides suggests that personal desire and lack of self control affects not only the individual but those around them; we are, in a sense, connected and our actions resonant outwards to those around us. As Sophie Mills suggests in her study Theseus, Tragedy and the Athenian Empire (1997: 19) there is a further thread to the play, one that concerns the relationship man has to the Gods. It must not be forgotten that the tragedy in Hippolytus ultimately emanates from the Goddess Aphrodite, it is her actions after all that sets in motion the entire drama. The two Goddess, as I stated in the earlier parts of this paper, form a binary that entraps the main characters of the play and forces them along predestined paths. Euripides ultimate philosophical subtext is, then, one of mans position to the Gods and to the fate that they represent and he achieves t his by not only the psychological polarity that the characters find themselves in but also a physical polarity of the two Goddesses. As Mills suggests, the character of Theseus, in many ways, represents the very populace of Athens: Where he is the representative of Athens in tragedy, Theseus embodies Athenian civilization in all its manifestations, so that he is usually less an individual character with his own fate than a symbol of Athenian virtue. He is consistently given characteristics which are considered as especially commendable in Athenian (and often Greek) thought, and such characteristics are usually marked as uniquely Athenian, (Mills, 1997: 57) Could Euripides be offering a warning to his Athenian audience concerning their own desires and self control?After all, the sexual desire and control of Hippolytus and Phaedre pails into insignificance when compared to those of Theseus who loses control and loses as on. Could Euripides also be warning his audience ab out the vagaries of the Gods and gently reminding them of their humanity both in terms of their self restraint and in their mutability? As we have seen, Euripides drama is a complex and, surprisingly, contemporary play suggesting as it does a wide variety of critical and psychological areas; from Melanie Kleins notions on projection of ones own frustrations and self hatred, to Aristotles concepts of anagnoresis and tragic heroes; from issues concerning Athenian politics to their moral and ethical systems. It is, however, in the combination of the set hings that, I think, Euripides achieves the plays true meaning. The complexity of life is mirrored in Hippolytus by the complexity of the characters interconnected lives and finely wrought psychologies that must have been as affecting to an Athenian audience as a modern one. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Euripides Hippolytus Essay Online For Free" essay for you Create order

Natives and Self-government Essay - 4518 Words

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Cash Flows in Relation to The Investment Proposal

Question: Cash Flows in Relation to The Investment Proposal. Answer: Harry Hill is considering replacing an old machine with a new one. The cash flows in relation to the investment proposal are presented below: 0 1 2 3 4 5 Savings $80,000 $80,000 $80,000 $80,000 $80,000 Loss of existing sales ($10,000) ($10,000) ($10,000) ($10,000) ($10,000) Depreciation ($54,000) ($54,000) ($54,000) ($54,000) ($54,000) Profit before tax $16,000 $16,000 $16,000 $16,000 $16,000 Tax @ 30% $4,800 $4,800 $4,800 $4,800 $4,800 Profit after tax $11,200 $11,200 $11,200 $11,200 $11,200 cash flow from operations $65,200 $65,200 $65,200 $65,200 $65,200 Initial investment -$2,42,000 Terminal cash flows $70,000 Net cash flow from operations -$2,42,000 $65,200 $65,200 $65,200 $65,200 $1,35,200 Cost of capital @ 10% 1 0.909 0.826 0.751 0.683 0.621 Present value of cash flows -$2,42,000 $59,267 $53,855 $48,965 $44,532 $83,959 Working Notes: Initial Investment Cost of Machine $3,20,000 Increase in working capital $27,000 after tax proceeds from sale of old machine $1,05,000 Initial Investment $2,42,000 After Tax proceeds from old Machine Original cost $2,80,000 annual depreciation $28,000 Current book value $1,40,000 Proceeds from sale $90,000 Loss on sale $50,000 Tax on loss on sale $15,000 Proceeds from sale after tax $1,05,000 Depreciation on new machine Cost of machine $3,20,000 Value after depreciation $50,000 Depreciable amount $2,70,000 Depreciation $54,000 Terminal Cash Flow Sale of machine $40,000 Current book value $50,000 Loss on sale $10,000 Tax on loss $3,000 after tax proceeds from sale $43,000 Return of working capital $27,000 Terminal cash flow $70,000 The NPV of the project = Sum of discounted cash flow initial investment = 290578 242000 = $48578 Since the NPV is positive, hence the company should go ahead with the proposal of purchasing the new machine. A positive NPV means the benefits from the project is more than the cost of the project.

Decision Making Paper free essay sample

This paper examines the correlation between personal, organizational and cultural values. The paper also discusses how these values affect the decision making in individual’s personal and professional lives. Value is a social principal goal or standard held by an individual, class or society. Values are shaped by surrounding situations. Normally the three values are accepted in society such as Personal Value, Organizational Value and Cultural Value. Personal Values are the principals that define human as an individual. Personal values, such as honesty, reliability and trust determine how one will face the world and relate with people. It also consists of caring, courage, creativity, friendliness, honesty, honour, independence, integrity and spirituality. Organizational values are the principals that guide human’s behavior in professional contexts. They define how person work and how he or she relate to co-workers, managers and clients. They also reveal person’s potential of advancement. It also consists of autonomy, competitiveness, conscientiousness, dedication, ethics, loyalty, professionalism, punctuality and team player. We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Making Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Cultural values, like practice of the faith and customs, are principals that sustain connections with person’s cultural roots. They help person feel connected to a larger community of people with similar backgrounds. It also consists of celebration of diversity, ethnic roots, faith, linguistic ties, national ties, regional ties and tradition. Personal, professional and cultural values are connected to each other. These values are something that affects every area of person’s personal and professional lives. In our daily routine we interact with these values very often especially personal values. Personal values are something which we are learning from our childhood. Our parents are the pioneers of these values. They teach us what is correct and what is wrong. As we grow, we take our own decisions but our parents have a great influence in our thought process. I believe this is how we learn how to respect our own personal value when we grow as an adult. Next one is professional values. We begin to learn this value as soon as we enter into the world of independence. Each organization has its own set of rules and regulations. We need to follow those while taking care of our own personal values. At workplace the main important thing is how we interact with co-workers, managers and clients. How you present yourself with others is also very important. Cultural values are something again goes with the personal values. They give importance to the tradition, cultural ethics and your opinion of relating those to the workplace and personal life. In society sometimes people with same backgrounds come together and form a group and share their cultural values. At workplace also sometimes we notice people with same cultural values come together and have better understanding between them. Finding balance between personal, organization and cultural values is very crucial. Many times in our life we need to fight to take the decision based on these three values. For example for me as a woman find the right balance between my personal life with family and professional life is very difficult. Family (kids) comes first while taking any decision for myself even when to decide the right career path and when to start it. For working mother balance between these values plays an important role while taking any decisions. Many times I noticed that one needs to give up on something in order to achieve on whatever he or she wants. Same principal applies to the values. Sometimes professional values overcome personal values but if we can manage both of them and achieve the result we want then that will be a big success. Resolving a conflict by analyzing the situation needs practice but one will achieve this by paying attention and keeping balance between the values. Decision making is a very important process. â€Å"Decision making is the study of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and preferences of the decision maker. † (Harris Robert, 1997). I believe if we give respect to all the three values equally and give importance to all of them while making a decision then our decision making process will be much easier than we expected and we can keep the right balance in the personal and professional life. We will be able to take correct decisions in life if we start appreciating these values more significantly.

About and For with Adjectives

About and For with Adjectives About and For with Adjectives About and For with Adjectives By Maeve Maddox The recent post on excited for got me thinking that a list of adjectives that take about and for might be useful. for eager for happy for (as in Im happy for you because you have succeeded.) therapeutic for unsuitable for about adamant about enthusiastic about exuberant about exultant about excited about elated about flippant about guarded about gullible about happy about (as in Im happy about my promotion.) irate about knowledgeable about nosy about overjoyed about phobic about relieved about snobbish about vague about Here are some quotations from newspapers: Sharks Evander Kane eager for 1st playoffs in 9th season Jaguars coach Doug Marrone happy for Bills, but wont delve into his odd exit from Buffalo. Such an announcement is inappropriate. If the Captain determined the airplane was unsuitable for the flight, it is his or her responsibility and Quarry neighbors irate about dumping, water quality. Benton Township residents near the Rocky Ridge Development quarry are upset about Detroit Lions veteran players are excited about first-round draft pick Frank Ragnow. He took snaps at both center and left guard at rookie Kristin Higgins was adamant about not pushing girly stereotypes on her daughter, and painted her room in shades of green. Higgins later Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 101One Fell SwoopHow Long Should a Synopsis Be?

The Carnival Cruise Lines Today Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Carnival Cruise Lines Today Tourism Essay Essay Example The Carnival Cruise Lines Today Tourism Essay Paper The Carnival Cruise Lines Today Tourism Essay Paper Carnival Cruise Lines is a planetary sail company and one of the largest holiday companies in the world.A CCL generates all of its grosss from the sail industry. The company s wide-ranging merchandise offerings provide invitees with exceeding holiday experiences at an outstanding value. The success in supplying quality sail holidaies has made CCL the most profitable company in the leisure travel industry. Carnival Cruise Line s stock is dually listed on both the New York Stock Exchange and on the London Stock Exchange under symbol CCL. It is the lone company in the universe to be included in both the S A ; P 500 index in the United States and the FTSE 100 index in the United Kingdom ( Carnival Corporation A ; PLC, 2012 ) . Carnival Cruise Lines operates a fleet of 100 ships, with another seven ships scheduled for bringing between now and March 2016. With about 200,000 invitees and 77,000 shipboard employees, there are more than 277,000 people sailing aboard CCL s fleet at any given clip ( Carnival Corporation A ; PLC, 2012 ) . For the intent of our study it is important to understand how the Carnival Cruise Lines Corporation works today. We need to understand how the assorted facets of the concern are set up and how they work together. Merely after a true apprehension of the current state of affairs, we can come with proposals for betterment and bespeak the impact on current ways of working. In literature one can ticket many theoretical accounts that can be used to look at an organisation with an internal position. In appendix X we provide an overview of some direction theoretical accounts we have found in literature, with an account why, when and how it should be used. Since our study needs to cover the execution of a new IT direction scheme, we have decided to utilize McKinsey s 7S theoretical account as shown in figure Ten. This theoretical account, developed in the 1980 s, involves 7 factors, which can be categorized as difficult and soft elements. Difficult elements can be identified and influenced more easy. They would be driven by the organisation charts and describing lines within the concern and they may include the systems you use to acquire work done. Soft elements are, by their very nature, more hard to pull off and may be affected by the civilization of the organisation. But you have to use yourself to these every bit much as the difficult elements, as they provide the support construction for the successful execution of any alteration, and they are all interdependent on each other. Figure 7S model ( McKinsey ) The difficult elements in the 7S-model are Strategy, Structure and Systems ; the soft elements are Style, Shared Values, Skills and Staff. In order to understand the 7S-model better a brief account is given below. Difficult elements of the 7S-model: StrategyA by utilizing mission and vision the organisation s aims become clear. StructureA how is the organisation structured and which hierarchal beds are at that place SystemsA all formal and informal methods of operation, processs and communicating flows Soft elements of the 7S-model: StyleA this is about leading and direction manners Shared valuesA the criterions and values and other signifiers of moralss within an organisation in which vision, corporate civilization and individuality are the cardinal elements SkillsA these concern both the accomplishments of the organisation and those of the employees StaffA this is about the employees, their competencies and occupation descriptions In add-on to the above elements we added two paragraphs specifically on Information Management and Risk Management to give a complete overview of the state of affairs of Carnival Cruise Lines today. 2.1 Strategy of CCL The mission of Carnival Cruise Lines is to take the universe on holiday and present exceeding experiences through many of the universe s best-known sail trade names that cater to a assortment of different geographic parts and life styles, all at an outstanding value unrivaled on land or at sea ( Carnival Corporation A ; PLC, 2012 ) . The vision statement of CCL is the undermentioned: to systematically present merriment, memorable holidaies at a repetition value ( Carnival Corporation A ; PLC, 2012 ) . Derived from this mission and vision, Carnival Cruise Lines has set up the following strategic aims: to be the taking sail operator in allA sections entered and to keep the most up-to-date fleet of sail ships in the universe to develop new cruiseA sections and advanced sail bundles to make a larger figure of possible andA past patrol cars employ sophisticated promotional attempts toA achieve a greater consciousness by the publicA refering the handiness and afford ability ofA sail travel pull the first-time and younger patrol cars ( Carnival ) , experient patrol cars ( Holland America ) , upscale patrol cars ( Seaborne ) , and patrol cars desiring a seafaring holiday ( Windstar ) promote sails as anA alternate toA land-based holidaies supply a assortment of activities every bit good as ports of call be advanced in all respects of operations of the ship. All enterprises that are taken by Carnival Cruise Lines demand to be in line with the mission, vision and strategic aims ( Carnival Corporation A ; PLC, 2012 ) . With respect to the scheme of Carnival Cruise Lines the undermentioned strengths can be identified: Strengths Failings Dominant market portion Strong acquisition scheme Comprehensive portfolio ( aim groups ) Strength Dominant market portion The biggest strength of Carnival Cruise Lines is its immense graduated table and range. The company is twice every bit big as its biggest rival and competes in about every market and section worldwide ( Appendix X ) . This gives CCL tremendous power over the sail industry as a whole. It enables the company to set about undertakings that grow the industry, gives it a platform for continued amalgamations and acquisitions activity, and helps CCL negotiate with major makers of sail ships ( Levin, Jones, A ; Slade, 2011 ) . In all enterprises and undertakings that are undertaken by the company, the inducement is ever to maintain that dominant market portion and even to turn it farther. CCL wants to be a leader, and this will be reflected in direction determinations. Strength Strong acquisition scheme Carnival Cruise Lines has the ability to obtain companies through acquisitions. By utilizing an acquisition scheme, the Corporation has been able to place itself in each geographical market in the universe and rank itself as figure one in the cruising sector. However, this strength besides consequences in a extremely decentralized IT landscape, as described in paragraph 2.8. Strength Comprehensive portfolio ( aim groups ) The corporation has a big fleet capacity and operates 10s of the most recognizable sail trade name names. CCL s portfolio of trade name names entreaties to about every niche market, from budget minded, modern-day to luxury sails ( Marketingteacher, 2012 ) . Each sail line operates globally and is targeted at one or more nationalities ( Appendix X ) . This is linked to the fact that CCL wants to be the leader in the cruising industry and wants to maintain the dominant market portion. 2.2 Structure of CCL Carnival Cruise Lines Corporation A ; plc has two chief central offices, Carnival Place in the US and Carnival House in the UK. The constitutional Corporation and plc are separate listed companies with different stockholder organic structures, but they jointly own all the operating companies in the group. Both central offices have their ain direction squad, scheme, and IT organisation. Within Carnival Cruise Lines every trade name is seen as a separate concern unit, with its ain net income and loss statement. With respect to the construction of Carnival Cruise Lines the undermentioned strengths and failings can be identified: Strengths Failings Strong fiscal place Clear focal point on cost leading Strong selling Decentralization of concern operations Decreasing net income Over-dependence on US market Strength Strong fiscal place Carnival Cruise Lines is one of the most profitable cruising companies. The company s mean net income ( FY2005 to FY2009 ) amounted to 18.1 % compared to the industry criterion of 6.3 % ( Marketingteacher, 2012 ) . The house is double listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange under the symbol CCL. Since the company is double listed, it has the ability to raise more financess from investor than its rivals. With this besides comes greater stableness due to different markets being affected by different economic happenings, political issues, and society s positions ( Levin, Jones, A ; Slade, 2011 ) . Due to the strong fiscal place, CCL has a certain luxury to take strategic of import and cutting border determinations and, at the same clip, put the necessary financess to do it possible. Strength Clear focal point on cost leading Carnival Cruise Lines has a clear focal point on Cost Leadership, i.e. CCL offers its merchandise to the mass market. Therefore the highest focal point is put on the monetary value and maintaining the monetary value every bit low as possible. Once the client is on board the ship, extra gross is created by holding the client wage for everything that was non covered in the basal monetary value. CCL is such a big company that it has important cost advantages over most of its rivals. Unlike Royal Caribbean where the focal point is on presenting the best client experience ( Appendix X, interview Vicki Freed ) , the focal point at CCL is more on supplying the best sail for the lowest sum. Additional grosss are generated one time a client is onboard. Strength Strong selling Carnival Cruise Lines invests explicitly and efficaciously in print and telecasting media. Their publicities target the life styles of each group of clients ( Marketingteacher, 2012 ) . This scheme enables CCL to acquire name acknowledgment in every market section, therefore the different sail lines under the trade name. Failing Decentralization of concern operations Historically, CCL has been run by the Arison household as a alliance of mostly independent concerns. Each sail line mostly manages its ain clients, selling, distribution, gross revenues, ports, and logistics. This attack has had benefits: internal competition means that each line operates better than any would in isolation. The annual capital planning procedure happens on both the US side as on the UK side, which might take to duplicate of attempt. The concern operations of the sail lines are non centrally managed. Better coordination of these concern operations could bring forth extra benefits for Carnival Cruise Lines ( Levin, Jones, A ; Slade, 2011 ) . Figure Organization chart Carnival Cruise Lines Figure X gives the high-ranking organisation chart of CCL. On the left manus side all the 10 trade names with their presidents are listed, with a direct line to Mickey Arison. As stated above, although there is a direct coverage line to Mickey Arison, every trade name is managed as a concern unit with its ain net income and loss. On right manus side all the back uping maps, such as HR, legal, IT, aˆÂ ¦ are listed with their CxO or caput of section. These sections have a direct coverage line to Mickey Arison every bit good, but in every concern unit there is an ain representation of each back uping map with a coverage line to the president of the trade name. The communicating between the concern unit representation and the CxO of the back uping map is non ever seamless, which can take to duplicate of attempt. Failing Decreasing net income The net income of CCL has diminished over the last old ages. The net net income was $ 1,790 million in FY2009, a lessening of 23.2 % as compared to 2008. The net income recovered some in 2010 and 2011 but neer reached the degree of 2008 ( see appendix X ) Another failing is that Carnival Cruise lines studies their fiscal statements in dollars. About half of their gross is generated in a non-US currency, but is reported in footings of US dollars. The value of the dollar against Euro appreciated from 1.60 in January 2010 to 1.53 by April 2010 against the Pound. If the dollar strengthens it would enter a lower gross than is really earned ( Marketingteacher, 2012 ) . The force per unit area on net income will maintain on adding force per unit area on taking the right direction determinations and puting in the right chances. Failing Over-dependence on US market Carnival Cruise Lines derives a bulk of its gross ( about 52 % ) from US clients. In 2009 the gross from the North American market registered a dual digit diminution. The over-dependence on the US market makes CCL vulnerable to the economic fluctuations of the American economic system and this company is dependent on clients disposable income ( Marketingteacher, 2012 ) . All sail companies, CCL every bit good, are traveling their focal point from the US market to Europe and Asia. Particularly in Asia there is a immense growing potency. 2.3 Systems within CCL This paragraph gives a high degree overview of systems as mentioned in the 7S theoretical account: all formal and informal methods of operation, processs and communicating flows. In paragraph 2.8 we focus on Information Technology systems and the current IT landscape. With respect to the systems of Carnival Cruise Lines the undermentioned strengths and failings can be identified: Strengths Failings IT incorporated in company consequences No prioritization procedure in topographic point No benefits tracking No incorporate CRM procedure Strength IT incorporated in company consequences In some companies IT is considered as free of charge, since IT is non incorporated in the company consequences. This leads to a deformed position of company/business unit consequences. However, Carnival Cruise Lines incorporates the costs of IT in the company/business unit consequences, which allows both the company/business unit itself to acquire a more realistic position of the consequences, but besides the market gets a more trusty position of the consequences. This leads to a more positive ranking in the market. Failing No prioritization procedure in topographic point Since every concern unit is set up as an ain net income and loss centre, every concern unit deems their ain undertaking to be the most of import. Presently, there is no prioritization procedure in topographic point on the concern side, which leads to a uninterrupted flow of undertakings that need IT resources. Failing No benefits tracking Many undertakings get kicked off and assure benefits. However there is no procedure in topographic point to mensurate these benefits after the undertaking has been delivered. This allows the concern to maintain on making extra undertakings to present the same thing, once more leting concern addition costs alternatively of cut downing costs. Failing No incorporate CRM procedure Carnival Cruise Lines does non hold an integrated CRM procedure in topographic point for the whole corporation. This leads to the fact that clients from the one sail line are nt recognized as a repetition client with a different sail line within the group, this has an immediate consequence on the pricing for repetition clients. Besides, due to the deficiency of this procedure, the organisation can non aim specific clients groups, based on their old behaviour on the sail, since that information is merely disconnected available. 2.4 Style within CCL The leading manner at Carnival Cruise Lines can be called family-like. This family-like leading manner is a direction manner that Ted Arison already used when he was still maneuvering the company. Ted Arison had a non-hierarchical attack to direction, significance that he delegated a batch of work downwards in the organisation, leting him to supervise the bigger image ( Managementparadise, 2012 ) . With respect to the manner of Carnival Cruise Lines the undermentioned strength can be identified: Strengths Failings Leadership manner authorising people Strength Leadership manner authorising people Peoples with the right accomplishments are hired and are giving the support and room to make their occupations right. Peoples are encouraged to be hands-on and take deliberate hazards. Taking hazards besides means that errors can happen, nevertheless CCL uses a no blasted civilization through which people feel empowered ( Managementparadise, 2012 ) . 2.5 Shared values of CCL Derived from the mission and vision of Carnival Cruise Lines ( see 2.1 ) the company has set some company values that were a high precedence. With respect to the shared values of CCL the undermentioned strengths can be identified: Strengths Failings Strong company values Focus on the environment Strength Strong company values The company values are: honestness, unity, equity, cordial reception and teamwork. The values are deemed of import to make their occupation in a right mode. Strength Focus on the environment Carnival Cruise Lines, as all other sail lines in the industry, takes much pride in the focal point they put on the environment. They invest to a great extent in wellness and safety, both for clients and for employees. There is a really strong focal point on the environment and to work in a greener manner. Charity is besides one of the cardinal constituents of their societal duty scheme. 2.6 Skills at CCL Working in the leisure industry requires some specific accomplishments that you can non ever learn. Most of import accomplishments that person working in the leisure industry would necessitate, are the undermentioned: client focused, empathy, squad work, emphasis immune, multi-cultural, service orientation and multi linguistic. With respect to the accomplishments of Carnival Cruise Lines the undermentioned strengths can be identified: Strengths Failings Strong attending for accomplishments A ; attitude Loyalty plans in topographic point Strength Strong attending for accomplishments A ; attitude Since Carnival Cruise Lines wants to be seen as the sail line that delivers fun, the attitude of the employees is really of import as good. The employees need to be cheerful and enthusiastic. CCL puts great attempt in exciting the coveted accomplishments and attitude of the employees. Strength Loyalty plans in topographic point CCL has its trueness plans in topographic point. The company introduced a new trueness plan in 2012 supplying past invitees with a assortment of value-added benefits and characteristics, including precedence boarding and disembarkation, guaranteed supper nine reserves and dining times, personalized letter paper and custom-designed CCL logo points ( Carnival, 2012 ) . Contrary to what is stated in the concern instance, Carnival Cruise Lines has now its trueness plans in topographic point. 2.7 Staff at CCL Cruise ships typically operate with three categories of crew. The first is the officers: these professionals are extremely paid and given ultimate bid of the ship. The 2nd is entertainers and wait staff: typically lower-paid, but from the same states as the patrol cars that they serve. Finally, most of the ships crew is drawn from developing states. While wage is low, the wage can stand for an attractive chance for these workers, who frequently work 10-month contracts without being able to see their places and households. Employee turnover is high, and few of the crew sees working on a sail ship as a feasible long-run calling. Staff remains 24/7 on board of the ship, have their ain cabins at the lowest two decks of the ship. Lone officers are allowed to blend between invitees, this at particular occasions and in formal garb. Other crew members have dedicated times during which they can be present on guest decks. With respect to the staff of Carnival Cruise Lines the undermentioned strengths can be identified: Strengths Failings Operational excellence A ; experience Endowment development plans in topographic point Strength Operational excellence A ; experience Carnival Cruise Lines has achieved below-industry-average costs and above-average gross historically. This is mostly due to the company s huge experience in owning and operating sails, every bit good as some smart strategic dramas. That advantage makes spread outing into new markets immensely easier for CCL than for a smaller participant or nouveau-riche house. CCL has the largest pool of informations to pull on to find what does and does non work and has the most experient sellers of sails in the universe. These soft advantages let CCL potentially section its clients more expeditiously than rivals ( Levin, Jones, A ; Slade, 2011 ) . Strength Endowment development plans in topographic point CCL has a separate preparation and development section set up in the organisation. The corporation invests to a great extent in coaching of high potencies by giving them larning chances that are fit for their personal demands. 2.8 Information Management The current IT landscape of CCL is much diversified. First of wholly, the IT landscape is split in the shore side systems and the shipboard systems. This split between on shore and shipboard adds a dimension to the complexness of the landscape, since most of the shipboard systems need to be able to pass on to the shore side systems. An extra challenge in the current IT landscape is the usage of bequest systems. Since there are fundamentally merely three chief rivals in the sail industry, there is non truly a seller that specializes in cruise industry systems , therefore all the sail companies use their ain developed systems. Old ages ago, this was non truly a job, but nowadays with the globalisation of industries, restrictions of these bequest systems refrain CCL to be every bit nimble as they would wish to be. Figure X gives a high degree overview of the current IT landscape within Carnival Cruise Lines at the clip of the instance description One can presume that due to acquisition s between 2006 and 2012 this landscape has grown in complexness even more. Another type of systems now in the current landscape which were non described in the instance are the hazard direction and internal control systems. For this CCL uses IBM OpenPages Financial Controls Management and IBM OpenPages Operational Risk Management ( IBM Corporation, 2011 ) . Figure Information systems within CCL With respect to Information Management the undermentioned strength and failings can be identified: Strengths Failings Excellent engagement system for travel agents Decentralized systems Bequest systems No overview of undertaking portfolio Weak resource direction TCO for IT non in topographic point Outsourcing degree 2 A ; 3 support hard Strength Excellent engagement system for travel agents From a travel agent s position CCL is easy to make concern with: travel agents will state that Carnival is much easier to work with than Royal ( Appendix X, interview Vicky Freed ) . Carnival Cruise Lines has upgraded the engagement engine within its travel agent web portal, to assist agents salvage clip when booking reserves online. A streamlined and simplified procedure for pull offing engagements, every bit good as an synergistic toolbar that provides easier pilotage between different constituents of the engagement engine, do it easier for agents to book sails for their clients. In add-on to an wholly new design and pilotage, the upgraded engagement engine offers convenient links to several applications ( Travel Agent Central, 2012 ) . The updated engagement engine is designed to reflect the changing concern theoretical accounts of travel agents and represents the latest sweetening to this comprehensive portal which serves as a one-stop-shop for travel agents to carry through all of their gross revenues and selling demands ( Lynn Torrent, senior frailty president of gross revenues and guest services CCL ) . Failing Decentralized systems The decentalisation within Carnival Cruise Lines translates into a decentalisation of systems as good. Decisions are nt ever communicated from one sail line to the other, which leads to duplicate of attempt. This decentalisation of the concern organisation translates to the IT organisation every bit good. Every trade name has its ain IT section with ain systems and substructure. Failing Bequest systems There are many legacy systems. Since there are nt many participants in the cruising sector, most of the strategic of import applications are custom made. This leads to a spaghetti landscape in which integrating is really hard and which affects the clip to market significantly. Failing No overview of undertaking portfolio Undertakings can get down within a concern unit or on a corporate degree within CCL. Since the concern is set up in separate concern units, with their ain IT departments, there is a batch of duplicate of attempt. There in non one planetary IT Program Management Office that oversees all the current undertakings and their demands for IT. This has both an impact on the IT resource direction as on the IT landscape that runs the hazard to acquire even more diversified. Failing Weak resource direction Due to the deficiency of a prioritization procedure for undertakings, the first-in-first-out rule is frequently used, this means that resources get allocated either to the undertaking that came in the grapevine foremost or either to the undertaking that has a concern proprietor or undertaking director who is really persuasive. Without the prioritization procedure in topographic point, it is really hard for the IT direction to make up ones mind where to apportion resources to. The deficiency of prioritization leads to defeat on the concern side, because there is the perceptual experience that IT is non able to present in clip. Failing TCO for IT non in topographic point To truly understand the entire cost of IT for the concern all costs of IT should be made transparent and apprehensible for any concern proprietor. Currently CCL has no entire cost of ownership for IT in topographic point. Reasons for non holding TCO for IT in topographic point are assorted ; it is really hard to truly acquire cost like web transparent, an IT service catalogue needs to be in topographic point, IT direction needs to be committed, aˆÂ ¦ However implementing TCO for IT will assist the IT direction acquire the battalion of costs as a consequence of duplicate of attempt seeable to the concern. Failing Outsourcing degree 2 A ; 3 support hard As already stated above, most of the applications of CCL are custom made. This in-house development induces resources with a really specific cognition. Often, this cognition is both on the system side as on the concern procedure side and hence confidential. Outsourcing degree 2 and 3 support is really hard, due to these specific cognition. 2.9 Risk Management Enterprise Risk Management is a procedure, effected by an entity s board of managers, direction and other forces, applied in scheme scene and across the endeavor, designed to place possible events that may impact the entity, and manage hazard to be within its hazard appetency, to supply sensible confidence sing the accomplishment of entity aims ( COSO, 2004 ) . Organizations which manage hazard efficaciously and expeditiously are more likely to accomplish their ends and to accomplish this at a lower overall cost. Risk direction is hence good direction. Risk direction should be a multi-faceted subject: frequently referred to as endeavor, integrated, holistic or practical hazard direction ( The Institute of Risk Management, 2012 ) . The aim of a hazard direction model is to assist guarantee that appropriate proficient and administrative controls are identified and implemented to protect information resources and assist guarantee continuity of concern operations ( Hillson, 2006 ) . With respect to Risk Management the undermentioned strengths and failings can be identified for CCL: Strengths Failings Enterprise Risk Management in topographic point Good models Strong focal point on security A ; privateness ordinances Poor safety record Strength Enterprise Risk Management in topographic point Carnival Cruise Lines has introduced the Enterprise Risk Management ( ERM ) plan. This plan is designed to place, buttocks, manage and describe the most important concern and strategic hazards faced by the company to senior direction and the Board of Directors. The ERM plan is overseen by a squad within the Corporate Risk Advisory A ; Assurance Services Department, based in the Miami central office. CCL besides maintains onsite squads at each of its trade names, in order to remain aligned with the corporation s by and large decentralized direction construction and to develop on-site audit expertness at each of the major trade names. ( IBM Corporation, 2011 ) . Within CCL s concern units risk direction and internal control is an on-going procedure. It is designed to place, measure and pull off the important hazards faced by the units and is embedded in each of the operations. A system of internal controls has been established to be capable of reacting rapidly to germinating hazards in the concern. It includes processs for the direct coverage of material internal control deficiencies together with the appropriate disciplinary action. The corporate executive direction squad receives periodic information sing internal control issues originating at the concern units. The primary focal point of this facet of the system is the corporate Management Advisory Services ( MAS ) Department. MAS is responsible for supervising the procedure, guaranting that issues common to more than one concern unit are identified and that all relevant affairs are brought to the attending of the boards as a whole. The MAS Department is supported by the Corporate Finance and Corporate Legal Departments, every bit good as the CEO, COO and the CFO ( CCL, 2010 ) . Strength Good models CCL has adopted the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ( COSO ) counsel for implementing its internal control model as portion of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act SectionA 404 conformity program ( CCL, 2010 ) . The COSO model for ERM provides cardinal rules and constructs, a common linguistic communication, and clear way and counsel for organisations to measure and better their endeavor hazard direction ( COSO, 2004 ) . Carnival Cruise Lines has a structured attack to monitoring and pull offing operational, fiscal and conformity hazard across the corporation s spectrum of sail trade names. The system allows a high grade of comparison across the trade name portfolio while acknowledging the differences that make each person runing company unique ( IBM Corporation, 2011 ) . The key to CCL s attack to scrutinizing hazard is the conceptualisation of each of its trade names as a set of concern procedures. Despite the differences in organisational constructions, IT infrastructures and market sections, Carnival Cruise Lines operating companies all operate chiefly in the sail industry, which enables the organisation to set up a common analytical model. CCL has identified over 300 single procedures that are organized into 13 subdivisions as shown in figure X ( CCL, 2010 ) . 1. Understand markets and clients 2. Design merchandises and services 3. Market and sell cruise/tour merchandises 4. Deliver cruise merchandise and services 5. Pull off supply concatenation 6. Procedure gross Billingss and aggregations 7. Pull off fiscal resources 8. Pull off physical assets 9. Develop and pull off HR 10. Manage information resources and engineering 11. Manage environmental wellness, safety, and security 12. Manage support services 13. Pull off other non-cruise operations Figure Sections ERM model ( CCL, 2010 ) A hazard categorization strategy was established in concurrence with the direction. This strategy identifies and assesses the hazards associated with each procedure. The full theoretical account contains hazards that are categorized as fiscal, operational or compliance-related. For each major sail trade name are about 1,200 hazards identified ( IBM Corporation, 2011 ) . One of our cardinal ends has ever been to corroborate that controls and processs are designed and run efficaciously both shipboard and shore side. Our process-based attack to monitoring hazard is an effectual internal tool that gives us the confidence of a comprehensive, consistent position of hazard factors across all our assorted trade names. It is a great manner to gestate our concern ( Richard Brilliant, Sr. Vice President and Chief Audit Executive CCL ) . A individual package platform ( IBM OpenPages Operational Risk Management ) is implemented to guarantee planetary consistence. Strength Strong focal point on security A ; privateness ordinances CCL is a member of the Cruise Lines International Association ( CLIA ) . CLIA members are required to follow with all international, flag and port province criterions and ordinances to guarantee the safety and security of riders. Figure Regulations and Compliance in sail industry ( CLIA, 2012 ) Privacy is about the claim of persons and the social value stand foring that claim, to command the usage and revelation of their information ( Faden, 1993 ) . Privacy and Data Protection are typically interpreted in footings of criterions for the intervention and airing of certain types of personal information ( Movius A ; Krup, 2009 ) . CCL strongly aims to follow with security and privateness ordinances ( beginning ) . Appendix X provides an overview of international ordinances that deal with security and privateness. Failing Poor safety record Pull offing reputational hazard in the sail industry has neer been smooth seafaring. See that the universe s most well-known luxury sail of all clip is the 1 that struck an iceberg and claimed the lives of 1,523 riders and crew ( Risk A ; Insurance, 2012 ) . There is no public database of major sail accidents, but CCL has a notably worse safety record than other sail companies. The Costa Concordia calamity has been the most recent in the company s safety sufferings. The Center for Disease Control does track all major viral eruptions on sail lines. In the 2009-2011 period, CCL-owned companies accounted for 56 % of all viral eruptions, compared to a 48 % mean market portion. The company is besides thought to hold a worse safety record for individuals lost at sea, particularly in the Carnival trade name: of the 179 disappearings since 2000, CCL entirely accounts for about 30 % of them ( Levin, Jones, A ; Slade, 2011 ) . In 2009, Carnival Cruise Lines experienced bad imperativeness when three riders fell off ships in a three hebdomad period. There were a sum of 22 incidents of riders falling overboard in 2009. In December 2008, riders on the CCL owned Oceania sail ship were attacked by Somali plagiarists. The media attending when something happens on a sail ship reflects negatively on the company and the industry. ( KORTER )

Research Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Project - Research Paper Example However, research has shown that local members of the community are not benefiting much from the resources that are mined in their area. It has also been found that the working conditions of the employees are not favourable since the mine has been recently hit by a spate of strikes over pay issues. It has also been found that people who were protesting over improved working conditions were harshly treated and 34 lost their lives after the police opened fire on the protestors. In principle, organizations that extract natural resources in different places should plough back to the members of the community. It has been recommended that the company involved in this case should make efforts to empower the employees in particular so that they can also directly benefit from the natural resources that are obtained from their areas. This can be done through increasing their wages as well as creating community share trusts. This action is designed to fulfil the corporate social responsibility (CSR) concerns of the company. Overview of the topic In most cases, natural resources like minerals are exploited for various reasons. Minerals contribute towards economic growth and development if they are sold to other countries. Through exploitation of mineral resources in a particular area or country, employment is created and the welfare of the people is likely to be improved. There are many benefits that can be derived from extracting natural resources in a certain area. Development of infrastructure can also be promoted if a natural resource that is of commercial value is being mined in a particular area. Essentially, informed companies should make an effort to ensure that their activities also positively contribute to the growth and development of the areas they would be operating in. This can also help to create trust among the local members since they would stand to benefit from the wealth obtained from their backyard. However, this is not the case in some places that are rich in mineral resources since the people living around the area where the minerals are being mined live in abject poverty. This is in stark contrast to minerals millions of dollars extracted in these people’s background but they do not benefit from these resources. This is ironical because local residents in the communities where the precious minerals are mined are poor and they do not directly benefit from the wealth extracted from their backgrounds. This calls for organizations involved in this business to be more accountable and socially responsible for their activities. Essentially, the concept of â€Å"CSR maintains that businesses are part of the larger society in which they exist and are accountable to the society for their operations,† (Strydom, 2004 p.11). This means that organisations should strike a fine balance between the needs and interests of customers, needs of the environment and the need for businesses to realise their financial goals. This goes han d in hand with the concept of business ethics which tries to make a distinction between something that is morally good from bad (1994). Apart from inequalities in the distribution of wealth obtained from extraction of natural resources in a particular area, it can be seen that the local community members are also exposed to dangers such as environmental pollution that are directly caused by the activities of the company extracting the